Detailed characteristics of human papilloma virus

At the beginning of the last century, the human papilloma virus was mentioned as the reason for the appearance of warts.But later it turned out that it could provoke the development of genital cancer in representatives of the genus and carcinomas of the throat and rectum.Depending on the range of clinical manifestations, doctors managed to distinguish different types of HPV and combine them into a particular system.

All you need to know about the human papilloma virus

A growing number of people are wondering: HPV infection - what is it?This abbreviation indicates a group of viruses that are common and heterogeneous in the structure, capable of touching the skin and mucous membranes.The infection of this substance occurs from a long period.So warts have been known since the Greeks and Romans, and around the condoms of the anogenital region even earlier.PCR was even able to distinguish DNA of the HPV 18 type of Maria Aragon's mummy type (XVI century).And only at the beginning of the 21st century made the opportunity to influence the spread of a pathogenic agent.

The principles of classification

There are some thoughts about the number of HPV types.It is officially proven that the group includes more than 170 strains.They make up 5 genres, and about 130 agents are described in detail and studied.But scientists already know almost 600 species found in humans.

For the first time, HPV, as a single species, was recorded in 1971. So far, the knowledge of it has been enriched, which served as the impetus for the creation of a classification, reflecting not only the species but also the gender in which the strain belongs.In practice, this is of great importance, as it helps to determine the clinical manifestations and the form of the infection flow.

Types of viruses are identified according to the following criteria:

• transmission method;
• objectives (skin or mucosa);
• diseases that develop due to infection;
• The degree of oncogeneity.

Classification by the degree of carcinogenicity is needed to prevent the consequences associated with the development of cancer.

Types of HPV:

• Low-risk layers 6, 12, 14, 42-44;
• Average Risk - Types 31, 35, 51;
• High risk - 16, 18, 45, 56, 58, 59.

This classification allows you to clearly evaluate the risk degree and develop an adequate treatment strategy.

The most dangerous types

It is proven that HPV is able to provoke the growth of the dermis and lead to the formation of benign formations on the face, neck, spine, stomach, each of which looks like a wart, papilloma, vehicle dysplasia.But high -oncogenic pathogen in the vast majority of cases provokes the development of oncology in both men and women.The virus is mainly transmitted sexually, and obstacle contraceptives are unable to provide 100% protection against its penetration.

The following strains are considered the most dangerous:

• Condilomatosis (appearance of pronounced growth) - 6, 42.
• Small flat formations formed on the walls of the vagina and cervical canal - 30, 33, 42, 43, 55, 57, 64, 67.
• Cervical cervical carcinoma is 31, 35, 39, 54, 66. The most dangerous are HPV of the 16th and 18th type.

It is important to know!Even after identifying the type of virus, you should not panic, as the worst types for a long time are able to be in a "sleep" state.Therefore, from the infection to the formation of cervical cancer, decades can pass for decades.

Penetration of the virus into the body

Papillomavirus is considered extremely contagious, and each type is able to be transmitted by a certain method.

The main options for penetrating the pathogen into the body of the "victim" are the following:

1. In sexual contact with the virus carrier.The most common way of infection.The danger is both a traditional and other version of relationships.Since the size of the pathogen is much smaller than the diameter of the condom pores, the contraceptive cannot provide 100% protection.
2. A vertical type of infection involves transferring the virus to the mother to the child in the work process.A non -commercial agent is able to cause the appearance of a newborn papillomatous larynx in a newborn, that is, the formation of increases in the mucosa and mouth, and less often the genitals.
3. The method of the infection's transmission contact home is also considered common.Some strains vary in survival, so they can maintain their activity in a wet environment.When visiting saunas, swimming pools, baths, with common use of personal hygiene items, the risk of infection is increasing, especially if there are unstable microwaves on the skin.
4. Autoinoculation or self -wedding can occur with an accidental transfer of a live virus cell from a damaged area to healthy parts of the skin while shaving, removing hair and simply non -compliance with hygienic rules.

It is important to know!The causative agent of high carcinogenic risk is mainly sexually transmitted, and obstruction contraceptives do not guarantee complete protection against infection.This is due not only to the small size of the virus, but also from its localization on the surface of the dermis, not covered with condoms.

The reasons for the progress of papillomatosis

Regardless of the degree of oncogeneity, HPV is unfaithful, that is, it is able to live in the human body, without showing itself in any way.Depending on the condition of the immune system, the incubation period can last from 2-3 weeks to several tens of years.Therefore, people who have no external signs do not even doubt an infectious agent in their body.

Rapid spread also does not begin immediately, but only in favorable conditions, namely, weakening of the protection mechanism, which occurs against the backdrop of the following factors:

• stress, excessive work;
• Poor and monotonous food;
• hormonal violations;
• Bad habits - smoking smoking and alcohol abuse;
• frequent abortions, post -child complications;
• inflammatory and infectious disease of the genitourinary system;
• IPPP, including AIDS, HIV, Herpes;
• Chronic diseases in the phase of irritation;
• Pregnancy period.

The risk group is mostly of the fairer sex.The probability of infection increases in people of reproductive age 20-45 years, leading active sex life.

Symptoms at different stages

Papillomavirus infection can be pronounced or flowed into a latent or subclinical form.Symptomatic manifestations of the disease are variable, due to the type of HPV, its risk.The hidden course of the disease is characterized by the lack of signs.

External signs:

• papilloma;
• flat and vulgar warts;
• Sharp condyloma.

Forms that are not visible during external inspection:

• Discosatosis;
• Coilocytosis;
• Epithelium dysplasia.

Relapses on the background of papillomavirus appear in the form of such pathologies:

• Discosatosis with soft epithelial changes;
• actually dysplasia;
• cancer tumor;
• Flat cell carcinoma.

It is important to know!In the case of a virus damage to non -infogery nature, wart formation is possible, localized in the palms, soles of the feet.In the absence of cosmetic disturbance, indications for removal do not exist.

In a woman, a fever, chills, itching, an increase in temperature and vaginal discharge develops during an irritation.

More about the consequences

The type and severity of HPV infection are determined by the activity of the pathogen and its type.With the genotype of high oncogenic risk, prolonged replication helps increase the number of cell structures with the genome mutation.

Against the backdrop of bacterial vaginosis, transformation of the cervical epithelium, as well as a number of other pathological processes that occur in the body, the risk of a precancerous phase or the development of a malignant tumor increases.

The latter include the following states.

1. Cervical cancer.Second illness after mammary gland cancer in women.More than 70% of all cases is caused by type 16 and 18 HPV activity.
2. Vagina and vulva carcinoma.In the structure of anogenital oncopathologies, it occupies a main place.Any tenth case is provoked by a low -oncogenic strain of 6 or 11, and one -third of all diseases is caused by virus 16 and 18.
3. Anal cancer.It is mainly detected in women, but also registered with homosexual men who practice unconventional relationships of relationships, although doctors do not rule out another way of transmitting infection.The cause of oncopathology is the activity of HPV 18 and 16.

Of course, this is not a sentence, but with regard to this data, the need for careful gynecological diagnosis and cancer is increasing.A comprehensive examination allows in the early stages to identify structural changes in cells and tissues, which with the human papillomavirus help to determine how to treat it correctly.

Diagnostic procedures

As already mentioned, diagnostic measures play an important role in damage to HPV infection.

Modern examination is performed with special care and includes several procedures:

1. Primary consultation includes a visual inspection to identify external signs (warts, papillomas).If growth is found in the urogenital region, the doctor directs the patient for an additional cervical examination or urethroscopy.
2. Papa test or cytological examination with a stain according to the Papanicolau method.According to the results divided into classrooms, the doctor determines the risks of the infectious process.So the rate of 1 and 2 indicates the normal state of the tissue, 3 -the onset of pathological changes, the 4th and 5th grade characterizes the presence of oncogenic cells.
3. Colposcopy.It is performed in the case of dysplastic changes in the cervical tissue.The test using acetic acid is described to clarify the activity of the papilloma virus.A positive result manifests itself in the form of a mosaic pattern on the surface of the epithelium.
4. Histology.Study of the affected tissue sample is performed if it is necessary to study the cells and the pathological changes that occur in them.During the procedure, you can identify epithelial structures of particularly large sizes.
5. PCR The most common and very informative test.Using the chain reaction of polymerase, it is possible to perform the typification, determine the degree of oncogenity, the maximum concentration in the blood.
6. Digene test.Modern innovative research method allows you to clarify the existing results and determine the possibility of forming oncological education.

With regard to men, the same diagnostic tactics are performed.After a visual inspection, he goes to the tests.Only according to the results of the examination, the specialist is able to evaluate the complexity of the clinical issue and prescribe adequate treatment.

Access to treatment

Today, there are no medicines that can completely and permanently destroy the viral infection in the body.If the self -heal has not happened, then the most promising is the comprehensive combined approach.HPCH treatment includes surgical removal of papillomas or warts against the background of systemic therapy with medication, homeopathy tools, popular method.There are several options for destroying growth.

Surgical radio.With a special knife, the formation is excited, after which the coagulation is produced and a bandage is applied.

Laser a way without blood and painless.At the place of removal, remains a crust under which the healing process continues.The disadvantage is the appearance of wounds.

Electrocoagulation.The procedure is mainly similar to the two previous ones in terms of effectiveness, cost and effective exposure.

Cryodestration.Processing the growth of any type of liquid nitrogen.After freezing, they are rejected by the skin.Available pricing, lack of blood, wounds make this method more attractive.

Surgical extraction.It is extremely rarely performed, only according to indications in case of suspicion of the possibility of developing oncology.The growths are excited with the help of a head.

Systemic treatment of papillomavirus allows us to strengthen our immunity, reduce the concentration of the DNA of the blood agent, and to prevent the development of malignant processes.

To this end, he appoints pills:

• Immunomodulators;
• Antiviral agents;
• Cytostatics.

The duration of course treatment is 10-14 days.If there is a permanent sexual partner, it is necessary to persuade him to undergo an examination and begin therapy.You also need to escape the growth yourself.

Preventive

Since human papillomavirus is easily spread among people of all ages, there is no guaranteed way to protect it from penetration.According to patient reviews, vaccination is a reliable option for preventing infection.

Modern medicine as a prevention offers special serums.The drug is produced in the form of a suspension, in the disposable syringes, which facilitates the introduction of the vaccine and minimizes the risks of the infection.Girls and boys, 9-14 years old, as well as young women under 26, are subject to immunization.Serums are well tolerated by the body.

Vaccination is performed for preventive purposes and cannot act as a medicine.

To minimize the risk of infection, it is necessary to adhere to simple recommendations.

• Carefully monitor personal hygiene;
• Get rid of bad habits;
• strengthening immunity, playing sports;
• Practice only safe sex, avoid occasional connections;
• Carefully approach the choice of sexual partner;
• It is subject to a show by a gynecologist, venereologist.

A serious attitude towards your health will help avoid infection, and in the case of virus penetration - to reduce the chance of spreading it.

cONcluSiON

HPV is the most common option of infection from which no person can protect themselves.To prevent virus activation, it is necessary to observe prevention measures and reduce the risk of oncology to undergo scheduled timely examinations and consult with specialists.