Papilloma - Benign formation of skin tumor and mucous membrane of viral etiology.It has the appearance of a papillae on a narrow base (foot), soft or dense consistency, from light to dark brown.Localization of papillomas in the skin leads to the formation of a cosmetic defect, impaired, damaged, in the voice, in the mucous membrane of the internal organs - ulcers and bleeding.Relapses of the disease are possible, the most frightening complication is malignant degeneration.Papil removal can be performed by electrocagulation, cryodestration, surgical excision, radio wave method or laser exposure.
General information
Papilloma - This is a disease that affects epithelial cells and the skin.The cause of papillomas is human papillomavirus, which belongs to the papoviridae family, the papillomavirus group.Among HPV, high risk and oncogenic risk viruses are distinguished.Papillomas of oncogeneity are explained by the virus's ability to integrate its DNA into the human cell genome.
The mechanism of infection with the human papilloma virus
Once in the human body, in the initial phase, HPV affects the basal cells of the epithelium.Microtrauma, scuffs, cracks and other skin damage contribute to the penetration of the papilloma virus into the body.For a long time, the virus can multiply mainly, not clinically manifested (chronic cart).If the virus spreads to the surface layers of the skin, then over time, even with chronic transport of the papilloma virus, cell hyperplasia is observed.
Since the human papilloma virus is nesting in the external environment, the infection occurs with direct contacts.Forced sexual intercourse lead to infection;Smoking, pregnancy, endometriosis, vitamin deficiency, immunodeficcenes are predisposing factors so that infection occurs when interacting with the virus.The risk of infection increases with frequent contact with the bare human skin, for example, with massage.
Clinical manifestations of papillomas
Papilloma is a neoplasm of the skin or mucosa and looks like a papillary growth that lasts over the surrounding tissue.Papillomas are located on the skin, mucosa, inguinal region and genitals, in some cases, papillomas are found in the renal pelvis and urethra mucosa.
Since the papilloma consists of skin -covered connective tissue and contains blood vessels, bleeding is possible during trauma.The neoplasm grows high in the form of papillae scattered in different directions and looks like cauliflower.
The skin of the skin may not change, but in most cases the papillomas are color from white to contaminated brown.Preferred localization - brush and hands skin.In patients with immunodeficiens, papillomatosis is widespread.Primary changes in the skin begin to appear 1-6 months after infection.The concentration of the virus in the affected areas reaches the maximum by the 6th month from the moment of infection, is this period that is more contagious.
Depending on the type of virus, the clinical manifestations of papillomas are variable.So, vulgar papillomas look in the form of a strong bump with a diameter of 1 mm with a rough keratinizing surface.Vulgar papillomas are prone to join, and therefore often affect important areas of the skin.Simple (vulgar) papillomas are located everywhere, but most often they are affected by the fingertips and the back of the palms.In children, especially young people are affected by papillomas, this is due to physiological characteristics, as children crawl without clothes.Typically, vulgar papillomas are located in groups, but an extended existence of a single element is possible for several years.Immunity conditions and general diseases contribute to the spread of the process, in isolated cases, vulgar papilloma is malignant.
The causative agents of the papillomas are PAP 1.2.4.A few months after infection on the skin of the only one, a small glittering lump appears, which has all the signs of the usual papilloma and is surrounded by an elongated edge.In some cases, small -sized subsidiaries appear around a papilloma, which resembles the bubbles.Then mosaic papillomatosis is diagnosed.
Papillomas on the heel are often painful, especially when walking.In approximately 30% of cases, they are self -discovered, most often -the prosecution is observed in young children.They are often confused with corn that appear between fingers with prolonged compression.However, corn, unlike papillomas, have a smooth surface and maintain the skin pattern.
The causative agents of flat papillomas are HPV 3.10.These papillomas of unchanged skin color and look in the form of sleek flat cones, sometimes there may be a yellow or slightly pink shade more often rounded sketches.There is also multiple papillomas.Neoplasms cause pain, itching, the affected area is hyperemic.
Film papillomas are diagnosed in half of those who have returned older than 50 years regarding neoplasms on the skin, they are also called acrochords.They are located on the skin around the eyes, on the groin, in the axillary cavities and the neck.First, a small-size yellow shade appears, which grows further and gradually transformed into densely elongated elastic formations up to 5-6 mm.If the acroaches are located in places where trauma is possible, then they become inflamed and injured.Film papillomas are not prone to spontaneous extinction.In patients with diagnosed threaded papillomas, rectum polyps are often observed.
HPV 13, 32 cause local epithelial hyperplasia, which is characterized by appearance in the mucous membrane of the mouth and on the red border of the small papillary neoplasms, which are slightly raised above the skin and are prone to joint.
One of the rare papillomas is Lewandovsky-Lutz papillomas (Epidermodisphelia Warty).Mostly children and adolescents are sick.Sometimes Epidermodisplasia of the Low is the character of the family.It looks clinically like numerous red-brown papillomas on the hands and feet.If the papillomas are located in the areas of the skin, which are more susceptible to ultraviolet radiation, then in 30% of cases they are malignant and reborn in malignant tumors with germination in neighboring tissue.
HPV, which are the pathogens of pronounced air conditioning, can be at a low, medium and high risk of oncological degeneration, therefore, when diagnosing sharp tip cakes, PCR examination should always be performed.The incubation period is from several weeks to several months.Since in some cases the changes are minimal, these papillomas remain unnoticed.The main transmission route is sexual.The risk group involves people with immunity and often change sexual partners.From the outside, they look like pigmented pigmented or pale pigmented growths.
In most cases, pain, burning, itching, irritation when touching and friction with interior is observed, often damaged and blood.They are located in the wake of the vagina, in small labia, less often, spicy conditioning are found in the vagina and cervix.In men, the urethra hole is affected.The area of injury depends on sexual behavior in this way, on people who practice anal contacts, pronounced condylomas are found in the perineum and in the perianal area.In some cases, pronounced condylomas are diagnosed in oral mucosa and red lip border, which is again associated with the characteristics of sexual activity.
Laryngeal juvenile papillomas rarely record, they are caused by HPV 6.11;For the most part, children under five are sick.The infection occurs during the birth of a baby, when the woman at work has papillomas in the vagina and baby as she passes along the birth canal, takes a premature breath.The disease is characterized by papillary growth in the vocal packages, which leads to the difficulty of air circulation and speech disorders.
Diagnosis of papillomas
The diagnosis of papillomas is performed by a dermatologist or venereologist.Due to the large number of types of virus, it has its own characteristics.It is possible to make an accurate diagnosis based on a visual inspection only in the classic case of pronounced warts, but this does not provide accurate information about the type of virus and its oncogenicity.Therefore, in case of suspicion of the papillomatous nature of the neoplasms, they are referred to the DNA DNA diagnosis of the virus.
PCR diagnostics allows not only to confirm the presence of human papillomavirus in the body and determine its type, but also diagnose how viruses are in the body at the time of analysis.This has a diagnostic value, since, knowing the percentage of the content of the virus and its type, you can determine the approximate periods of the infection and identify the contact persons in order to examine and describe preventive therapy.PCR Diagnostics also provides information whether papillomas have a chronic course or they are a consequence of a simultaneous decrease in immunity.Thanks to such data, adequate therapy can be prescribed.
If the only method of treatment is to remove papillomas, then in parallel with surgery, a biopsy is performed for cytological research.A histological examination of the papilloma tissue yields more accurate results, as the examination is subjected to the cells, so the exact location of their layers and the structural features of the tissue.This yields reliable results in the degree of changes in the body and about the possibility of malignancy, as long -term and non -storey papillomas more often lead to cancer than HPV detected with a high degree of oncoris.
As a rule, PCR diagnosis is an outdoor examination and, if the analysis confirms the presence of the virus, then an additional study is performed.
Papilloma
Papillomas treatment regimen in each case is individually selected.If an HPV is detected during the diagnosis, but there are still no clinical manifestations, then preventive therapy is described by the cytostatics.It is quite effective and allows you to "distribute" the virus for several years.Patients who are HPV carriers are recommended to periodically perform PCR examination and use contraception barrier tools so as not to endanger human papillomavis infection with their partner.
Inozin Pranobex is a drug for the treatment of papillomas from the group of antiviral agents, which suppresses the reproduction of viruses.One of the favorites, as it has immunomodulating properties.Indications for use are papillomas diagnosed with a combination of other viral infections, such as cytomegalovirus, measles and mumps.The presence of a herpes virus, chronic viral hepatitis and immunity also requires the inclusion of isoprinosine in the treatment mode.Since papilloma therapy is long, Papillo Pranobex should only be taken under the supervision of a physician, as it is necessary to check the laboratory indicators.The use of immunomodulators and vitamin courses is shown to all patients with HPV.
If there are manifestations of HPV in the skin and mucous membranes, then, depending on the localization and symptoms, the use of papillomas, electrocoagulation or papill laser removal.POSSIBLEST POSSIBLE TO USE A OTHER MODERN METHOD OF SURGERIAL TREATMENT -Deapering of radio waves papillomas.If the papilloma has malignant signs, then the excision is performed with a scalpel of the affected area with the capture of healthy tissue.
It should be borne in mind that removal of papillomas does not lead to complete recovery, as today there are no medicines that are detailed in HPV.Therefore, patients with previously diagnosed papillomas should periodically undergo examination and perform antiviral therapy courses.
Since HPV is mainly sexually transmitted, the only prevention of papillomas is the method of contraception barriers.When planning pregnancy, it is necessary to diagnose and, if required, then treatment of the virus in order to reduce the chance of baby infection during childbirth and the first years of life.